Along with neighbouring Pompeii, Herculaneum is one of the most famous archeaological sites in Italy, and a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located in the Campania region on the west coast, at the base of Mount Vesuvius and within easy reach of Naples. Herculaneum was buried by the same catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius that destroyed Pompeii in 79 AD. A key difference between the two sites is that Herculaneum was hit by pyroclastic surges, superheated gas and ash, rather than ashfall, which preserved the city in a unique way. The pyroclastic material carbonized organic materials, thus managing to preserve wooden structures, furniture, food, and even papyrus scrolls (which can be found the famous Villa dei Papiri).
Herculaneum was a smaller, wealthier resort town compared to Pompeii, with luxurious villas, mosaics, and marble decorations. It was initially unearthed in 1709, during the digging of a well, but systematic excavations began later. Unlike Pompeii, much of Herculaneum remains unexcavated due to the fact that it lies beneath the modern town of Ercolano making it more difficult to conduct large scale excavation projects. That said, Archaeologists have been able to use 3D scanning, drones, and multispectral imaging to explore unexcavated areas without disturbing the site.
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