Edinburgh's Old Town is the historic heart of the Scottish capital, stretching along the Royal Mile from Edinburgh Castle down to the Palace of Holyroodhouse (the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland). It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its medieval street layout, historic closes (narrow alleyways), and iconic buildings. Parts of the Old Town date back to around the 12th century, making it roughly 800-900 years old. The settlement began to develop around Edinburgh Castle, which sits on an extinct volcano called Castle Rock. The area continued to grow throughout the Medieval period, and in the 16th-17th centuries, it became increasingly crowded, leading to the construction of tall tenement buildings (some up to 14 stories high)
Many of the buildings you see today in the Old Town are from the 16th and 17th centuries, though some structures and the basic street pattern are even older. The area continued to be the main part of Edinburgh until the New Town was built in the 18th century, providing more space and modern living conditions for the city's growing population. Nowadays, the Old Town is one of the city's main tourist hubs, and its compact nature means you can easily walk between most of these attractions, following the Royal Mile as your main route.
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