The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is one of the most iconic religious buildings in Europe and the spiritual heart of the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage. It has evolved over centuries and is a showcase of Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, and Neoclassical architecture. Construction of the current church began in 1075, though it was not consecrated until 1211. It has undergone plenty of renovations across the centuries, leading to an intriguing mix of architectural styles, with the the elaborate Baroque façade added in the 18th century.
Inside the cathedral, beneath the high altar lies the crypt where the relics of Saint James the Apostle are believed to be interred, making the site sacred to pilgrims. Legend has it that a hermit living near what is now Santiago de Compostela discovered the lost tomb of St. James after celestial lights that appeared in the sky guided him to the site. This discovery was considered miraculous because, according to Christian tradition, after St. James was beheaded in Jerusalem around 44 CE (the first apostle to be martyred), his disciples had supposedly transported his body by boat to the Iberian Peninsula, where he had previously preached the gospel. News of the discovery spread throughout Christian Europe, and Santiago de Compostela gradually became one of Christianity's most important pilgrimage destinations, alongside Jerusalem and Rome. The pilgrimage routes to Santiago, collectively known as the Camino de Santiago, were established and gained immense popularity during the Middle Ages, a tradition that continues robustly to this day. A small church was commissioned to commemorate the finding of the remains, and this eventually evolved into the magnificent cathedral we see today.
Another notable feature of the church is the Botafumeiro, a massive incense burner that swings across the cathedral on feast days. Weighing about 80 kg and suspended from a long rope, it creates a dramatic spectacle. Seeing the Botafumeiro in action is considered one of the highlights for pilgrims who complete the Camino de Santiago. However, it is not used during every mass, only during certain important festivals and special ceremonies, or when a sufficient donation is made for its use.
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